Which adverse effects are associated with timolol and require caution?

Which adverse effects are associated with timolol and require caution?

• A. Bronchoconstriction
• B. Hypoglycemia
• C. Nausea
• D. Bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia

Answer: (D)

Timolol eye drops can be absorbed into the bloodstream, and because it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, it can have systemic effects beyond the eye. Blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs can cause bronchoconstriction, which is especially risky for patients with asthma or COPD. Simultaneously, beta-1 blockade can reduce hepatic glucose production and mask the usual adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia, increasing risk for low blood sugar and making it harder to recognize in diabetics. So bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia are the adverse effects that require caution with timolol. Nausea is not a primary concern in this context.

Timolol eye drops can be absorbed into the bloodstream, and because it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, it can have systemic effects beyond the eye. Blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs can cause bronchoconstriction, which is especially risky for patients with asthma or COPD. Simultaneously, beta-1 blockade can reduce hepatic glucose production and mask the usual adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia, increasing risk for low blood sugar and making it harder to recognize in diabetics. So bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia are the adverse effects that require caution with timolol. Nausea is not a primary concern in this context.